The SAT: How Does the Exam Work?

Planning to take the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) for admission to a U.S. or European university? Before diving into preparation strategies, it’s essential to understand how the test is structured and what to expect on test day.

Here’s a clear breakdown of the SAT, step by step.

Duration and Format

• Total length: about 3 hours (3h50 with the optional essay).

• Structure: 2 main sections (Math and Evidence-Based Reading & Writing).

• Breaks: short breaks are scheduled between sections.

• Cost: around $50, with possible additional fees depending on the test center.

SAT Scoring

• Total score: 400–1600.

• Each main section (Math and EBRW) is scored out of 800 points.

• The optional essay is scored separately.

• Example: scoring 1540+ puts you in the top 1% of SAT takers worldwide.

SAT Sections Explained

1. Math

• Two parts:

  • No calculator

  • Calculator allowed

• Content:

  • Algebra (majority of questions)

  • Geometry (formula sheet provided)

  • Trigonometry

  • Complex numbers

  • Real-world problem modeling

2. Evidence-Based Reading & Writing (EBRW)

• Reading:

  • 5 passages (literature, history/social studies, science)

  • Questions on comprehension and interpretation

  • Data analysis with graphs and charts

• Writing and Language:

  • Editing and improving texts

  • Vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, sentence structure

3. Optional Essay

• Task: analyze an argumentative passage.

• Skills tested: reading comprehension, analysis, and writing.

• ⚠️ Some universities still require it—always check admission requirements.

Key Takeaway

The SAT is a structured, predictable test: knowing how it works is the first step to tackling it with confidence.

👉 Want to learn how to prepare effectively for each section? Check out our guide: “How to Prepare Effectively for the SAT and Maximize Your Score”.